About the 2025 Electricity ATB

Purpose

With the increasing reliance of energy analysis on data and modeling tools, the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) developed the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) products to:

Document transparent, normalized technology cost and performance assumptions using published sources
Document potential pathways for impacts of research and development (R&D) on energy technologies
Enable consistency in technology assumptions across analysis projects
Facilitate the tracking and sourcing of input assumptions
Reduce the lead time required when conducting scenario analysis of 5- to 30-year futures.

Related Work

The Electricity ATB is one of many data products and tools that the NLR energy analysis staff provides.

The NLR Standard Scenarios product is a suite of forward-looking power sector scenarios that NLR analysts use in its long-term capacity expansion model (the Regional Energy Deployment System, or ReEDS) and its market deployment model (the Distributed Generation Market Demand Model, or dGen). The scenarios are updated each year, and they use technology cost and performance assumptions documented in the Electricity ATB.

For analysis of specific renewable energy systems at the project level, NLR offers the System Advisor Model (SAM) techno-economic modeling software.

NLR's resource assessment interactive maps and geospatial data tools such as RE Atlas can be used to identify resource data of interest.

Electricity ATB Team

Each year, the Electricity ATB is led by NLR, assembled by a team of analysts from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) national laboratories, and sponsored by DOE.

The 2025 Electricity ATB national laboratory team members include the following:

Land-based wind: Tyler Stehly, Lily Peterson, and Daniel Mulas Hernando, NLR
Offshore wind: Patrick Duffy, Daniel Mulas Hernando, and Nicholas Riccobono, NLR
Distributed wind: Tyler Stehly, NLR
Solar: Photovoltaics (PV): David Feldman, Jarett Zuboy, Stephen Sopp, and Meenakshi Narayanaswami, NLR
Solar: Concentrating solar power: Parthiv Kurup and Alex Zolan, NLR
Hydropower: Gbadebo Oladosu, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Geothermal: Dayo Akindipe and Erik Witter, NLR
Battery storage: Vignesh Ramasamy and Wesley Cole, NLR
Utility-scale PV-plus-battery: Vignesh Ramasamy, Anna Schleifer, and Brian Mirletz, NLR
Pumped storage hydropower: Stuart Cohen and Evan Rosenlieb, NLR
Nuclear: Abdalla Abou Jaoude, Levi Larsen, Chris Lohse, and Nahuel Guaita, Idaho National Laboratory
Biopower (data from U.S. Energy Information Administration): Wesley Cole, NLR
Fossil technologies (data from DOE Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Office): Jeffrey Hoffmann, DOE Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Office
Finance: Ty Hedalen, Ben Rakov, David Feldman, and Brian Mirletz, NLR
Project coordination: Laura Vimmerstedt and Brian Mirletz, NLR
Data and documentation development: Greg Avery, Jacob Franciscus, Ben Rakov, Ashok Sekar, and Dana Stright, NLR
Website production: Mike Bannister and Jeremy Jenkins, NLR
Editing: Emily Horvath, NLR.

The DOE manager of the Electricity ATB is Paul Spitsen. Ashna Aggarwal and Patrick Bryant also contributed to the 2025 Electricity ATB as technical monitors.

Electricity ATB Technical Review Committee

A technical review committee reviews the Electricity ATB each year. The committee:

Reviews objectives and approach and offers suggestions, where appropriate, to strengthen the annual process and resolve technical issues that arise
Provides suggestions to improve the accuracy, clarity, and understanding of the work
Helps ensure the study:
- Builds on prior peer-reviewed, related technical work
- Is informed by data sources and findings from recent and current related research
- Reviews and comments on draft results to ensure findings are based on facts and accurate engineering and science.

The Electricity ATB technical review committee comprises leading experts from industry, consulting, government, academia, and nonprofits with specialties in energy analysis; electricity generation technology research, development, and deployment; electric grid operation and technology integration; and project finance. We gratefully acknowledge their contributions.

Electricity ATB Sponsor

The Electricity ATB—which is supported by the DOE Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation (CMEI) —leverages and continues significant activity funded by DOE including the Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Office and the Office of Nuclear Energy through the Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear.

Recommended Citation

We recommend you cite the 2025 Electricity ATB as NLR (2026) and reference it as:

NLR (National Laboratory of the Rockies). 2026. "2025 Electricity Annual Technology Baseline." Golden, CO: National Laboratory of the Rockies. https://atb.nlr.gov.